Expert lists most common dental issues that must not be neglected

When it comes to healthcare, oral health is often overlooked and underestimated. However, our oral cavity is a gateway to the rest of our body, and neglecting it can have far-reaching consequences. The alarming truth is that oral diseases are prevalent and can pose serious risks to our overall well-being.

In this article, Dr Vibhuti Jain, Senior Consultant, Dental Department, PSRI Hospital, New Delhi sheds light on some of the oral diseases that demand our attention and emphasise the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene.

Dental Caries (Tooth Decay)

Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay or cavities, is one of the most common oral diseases worldwide. It occurs when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, builds up on the teeth and interacts with sugars and starches from our diet. This interaction produces acids that gradually erode the tooth enamel, leading to cavities. Untreated dental caries can result in pain, infection, tooth loss, and even affect our ability to speak and eat properly.

Periodontal Diseases (Gum Diseases)

Periodontal diseases affect the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Gingivitis is the mildest form, characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe condition where the gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected. Periodontitis can ultimately lead to tooth loss and may contribute to other health issues such as heart disease and diabetes.

Oral Cancer

Oral cancer refers to malignancies that occur in the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, and throat. Risk factors for oral cancer include tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, sun exposure, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment, making regular dental check-ups and self-examinations essential. Symptoms may include persistent mouth sores, pain, difficulty swallowing, and changes in speech or oral sensations.

Oral Thrush (Candidiasis)

Oral thrush is a fungal infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida albicans, a yeast-like fungus present in the mouth. It typically affects individuals with weakened immune systems, those using antibiotics or corticosteroids, and people with uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms include creamy white lesions on the tongue, inner cheeks, and roof of the mouth, which may cause discomfort, taste disturbances, and difficulty swallowing.

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMJ)

Temporomandibular joint disorders affect the joints and muscles that connect the jawbone to the skull. These disorders can cause jaw pain, headaches, earaches, and difficulty in opening and closing the mouth properly. TMJ disorders may result from various factors, including jaw injury, teeth grinding, arthritis, and stress. Diagnosis and treatment often involve a multidisciplinary approach, combining dental and medical interventions.

Oral diseases are not confined to the mouth alone; they can have profound effects on our overall health and quality of life. Neglecting oral hygiene and avoiding regular dental check-ups can leave us vulnerable to these silent threats. To protect ourselves, we must prioritize preventive measures such as daily brushing and flossing, maintaining a healthy diet, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and scheduling regular dental visits.

Remember, oral health is an integral part of our well-being, and by taking care of our mouths, we can pave the way for a healthier future. Let us be vigilant, spread awareness, and give oral diseases the attention they deserve.